A new study at Brown University finds that what really makes a man is his expression of the lone X chromosome and the activity of a protein complex that gives enzymes on the chromosome an extra boost to increase gene expression.
Researchers found that men must increase gene expression on their lone X-chromosome to match the two X’s possessed by women. Gender is defined by that difference, but for men to live, the genetic imbalance must be remedied.Study found that a protein complex called MSL that binds to the X-chromosome plays an important role in the process. That MSL increases gene expression on the X-chromosome by cracking open the DNA double helix more frequently. For men, it’s a specialized drill bit

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